Arguably, the most well-known widget on Android is the Clock &   Weather widget from HTC, but that’s obviously limited to HTC devices.   The best universal Android widget that does the same thing is the one   from Beautiful Widgets, which also offers the same functionality in a   variety of differences sizes and configurations and tosses in a few   bonus widgets such as a battery monitor and some configuration toggles.
Android comes with a “Power Control” widget that I’ve always liked   because it lets you quickly toggle Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Brightness, and   more. However, the “Extended Controls” widget allows you to create a   customized version of Power Control with a lot more toggle options.
If you need to quickly scan your calendar to check on your next   meeting or see what your day looks like tomorrow, you can’t beat the   Business Calendar widget. It offers virtually every size and   configuration option imaginable. I prefer the 4×4 (full screen) widget   in agenda mode with the simple list of all upcoming calendar   appointments.
If you use Google Analytics to track web site traffic, this little   widget makes it easy to get a get quick glance at your traffic metrics.   It takes up the same amount of space as an app icon and you can set up   multiple widgets to track multiple metrics.
To keep an eye on the latest news, it’s hard to beat Google Reader,   since it’s completely customizable based on RSS feeds. You can follow   national politics or world news or you can follow the smallest trade   publication that covers your industry. As long as it has an RSS feed,   you can put it in Google Reader and then you can follow it at a glance   with the ticker widget that is automatically added when you install the   Google Reader app.
Pulse is another news reader that has a great widget. Pulse is a   visual newsreader that represents stories with images that it finds   within those stories. It has a nice default news feeds to choose from,   but you can also search for lots of others from across the web. The   widget only allows you to select on feed to use on its ticker.
I’ve recommended Tripit on my favorite iPhone and Android apps lists   because it’s a great little service for tracking all of your travel   itineraries. It also happens to have a useful Android widget that comes   in two sizes.
The simple mission of Google Finance is to track stocks. The app also   comes with a widget that allows you to quickly glance at the   performance of a single stock or index in a little 2×1 widget. You can   have use multiple instances of the widget to track multiple stocks.
In addition to quick-glance information, Android widgets can also   provide quick functions (kind of like macros or keyboard shortcuts on a   PC). The Direct Dial and Direct Message widgets allow you to pick   someone’s phone number in your contacts and create an icon that allows   you to immediately call or text that person. If you have a photo for the   person then it shows their photo in a 1×1 icon. These two widgets come   with Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich (that’s why there’s no download   link), but if you don’t have a phone with ICS then you can use a widget   like Picture Dial.
The weather update in Beautiful Widgets (above) is usually enough for   me, but if I’m going on a trip or worried about the extended forecast   and I want to track the weather a little more closely than The Weather   Channel’s has a great set of widgets. My favorite is the 4×1 widget.
The Google Docs app comes with a widget bar that provides one-tap   access to your list of docs and your favorites and also let’s you start a   new document or add a photo to your docs with a single tap.
Evernote is a great note-taking service that has multiple mobile apps   as well as desktop apps and web access. The great thing is that you can   make notes in any of these places and it gets synced to all of the   other instances. The Evernote app for Android comes with a widget bar   (similar to Google Docs) that gives you one-tap access to your notes,   lets you search your notes, and lets you quickly create a new note.
As I’ve said before, Twitter is a terrific real-time intelligence   engine. Now that there’s an official Twitter Android app, there are also   a couple Twitter widgets (large and small) for scanning your Twitter   stream. You can even configure the Twitter widget to display “Mentions”   so that you can quickly see who’s talking to you (or about you) and   respond.
This ESPN widget that lets you keep track of the scores from your   favorite sports teams. It shows the last game and the next game (or   current game). You can quickly tap it to get more details in the ESPN   app.
For my fellow wordsmiths out there, Dictionary.com has a terrific   widget that allows you to type or speak a word and quickly get the   definition. As a bonus, the widget also displays a word of the day.